The good effect must flow from the action at least as immediately (in the order of causality, though not necessarily in the order of time) as the bad effect. The bad effect is sometimes said to be indirectly voluntary.ģ. If he could attain the good effect without the bad effect, he should do so. The agent may not positively will the bad effect but may merely permit it. The principle refers to actions in which a good effect and a bad effect will follow, and stipulates four conditions that must be satisfied for the action to be morally justifiable. I shall rely instead on the standard formulation. but I will not be concerned with these here. The act itself must be morally good or at least indifferent.
There have been some recent attempts to modify it, 1 1. The Principle of Double Effect itself has had a long history of development and over this period its conditions have been fairly well standardized. Terms and conditions of access and use can be found at What Is the Principle of Double Effect?
Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sublicensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The Principle of Double Effect, URL = To link to this essay: Follow this and additional essays at: This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. In this essay, Leslie Allan addresses four of the most prominent problems faced by an absolutist ethic and evaluates the extent to which the Principle of Double Effect is successful in avoiding or mitigating these criticisms. Its key lever is making a critical distinction between those bad effects of a voluntary action that are intended and those that are unintended. The Principle of Double Effect was formulated by Catholic ethicists to overcome such objections. Absolutist systems of ethics have come in for harsh criticism by moral philosophers on a number of fronts.
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